Mutual defence: The alliances that preceded Turkiye-Pakistan-Saudi pact
Summary
Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkiye have signed a joint defense agreement to improve military cooperation, including joint exercises and defense industry collaboration. The pact means that if one country is attacked, the others will consider it an attack on all, similar to NATO’s collective defense rule.Key Facts
- Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkiye recently signed a joint defense pact.
- The agreement includes plans for joint military exercises and closer defense industry ties.
- Under the pact, an attack on one country is treated as an attack on all three.
- The pact aims to set up strategic political and military coordination at the highest government levels.
- The alliance comes amid rising military tensions and conflicts in the Middle East.
- Turkiye has the second-largest army in NATO, Pakistan has nuclear weapons, and Saudi Arabia is a major oil exporter.
- The pact is open to new members, with Egypt mentioned as a possible future participant.
- Such defense pacts can help deter large wars but may be less effective against smaller conflicts or indirect aggression.
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