America's AI Success Relies on Chinese Experts as US Races to Beat CCP
Summary
The United States is leading in artificial intelligence partly because many top researchers originally from China work in America. However, some of these experts are returning to China, where they help build China’s AI industry. This movement is creating challenges for the U.S. as it prepares for discussions on AI with China.Key Facts
- President Donald Trump has made stopping China from accessing advanced U.S. technology a key part of his AI strategy.
- Some AI researchers who helped the U.S. succeed come from China but are returning to China to work on AI projects there.
- Yao Shunyu, trained in China and the U.S., left OpenAI in 2025 to become Tencent’s chief AI scientist and now aims to grow China’s AI research long-term.
- Yang Zhilin studied in China and the U.S., returned to China in 2023, and started Moonshot AI, a company launching advanced open-source AI models.
- A study found 100 top AI researchers of Chinese origin working in the U.S. in 2019; by 2025, 10 had moved back to China, taking important roles.
- Despite some departures, 87 out of 100 researchers stayed in the U.S., working for major tech companies or universities.
- U.S. AI research benefits significantly from the contributions of Chinese-born researchers.
- Visa uncertainties and political tensions since 2018 have made it harder for Chinese researchers to stay in the U.S. and increased returns to China.
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