May heatwaves, deaths, ruined harvests: study of Europe’s summer paints grim picture for the future
Summary
This summer, western Europe experienced its hottest heatwave on record, with temperatures much higher than usual and widespread heat stress affecting more than half the continent. The extreme heat, worsened by human pollution and the natural El Niño weather pattern, caused many deaths, damaged crops, and increased wildfires, showing the serious effects of climate change.Key Facts
- Western Europe had temperatures 2.5°C above the recent 10-year average from June to August.
- Over 60% of western Europe had temperatures above 30°C on 17 days this summer, more than in previous heatwaves like 2003 and 2025.
- The heatwave caused a record 13 days of very strong heat stress across western Europe.
- El Niño, a natural warming of the Pacific Ocean, is increasing global temperatures and is expected to cause nearly half a million extra heat-related deaths worldwide by February.
- The summer heat damaged water supplies, energy systems, transport, ecosystems, and human health in Europe.
- Europe saw its lowest river water flows in over 30 years, contributing to severe drought and wildfires.
- Wildfires burned 680,000 hectares by September, making 2026 the third-worst year on record for fire damage in Europe.
- Smoke from wildfires increased fine air pollution by 30% over the average of the past 20 years.
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