Scientists Studied 1 Million Women Before Menopause—One Pattern Stood Out
Summary
A large study of over 1 million women found that many body systems change suddenly around the time of menopause, rather than gradually over many years. These fast changes affect hormones, bone health, liver and kidney function, and blood chemistry, increasing health risks; hormone therapy may reduce these effects, but more research is needed.Key Facts
- The study analyzed data from over 1 million women in the U.S. and Israel, covering more than 300 million lab tests from 1999 to 2024.
- Researchers found gradual hormone changes started about 10 to 15 years before the final menstrual period, then accelerated sharply around menopause.
- Hormones like estradiol (a strong estrogen) and anti-Müllerian hormone dropped quickly before menopause, while follicle-stimulating hormone increased.
- Sudden changes occurred in 52 out of 90 health tests, affecting bone density, liver and kidney function, blood chemistry, and blood fats.
- These fast changes were not seen in men, who experience more gradual aging.
- Bone mineral density drops, increasing the risk of osteoporosis, fractures, and related serious complications in older women.
- Liver damage tests also rise, signaling higher risk of liver disease around menopause.
- Menopausal hormone therapy appeared to reduce the abrupt changes, but the study’s observational nature means more research is needed for clear conclusions.
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