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America's AI Boom Impact on Golf Courses, Green Spaces and Animal Habitats

America's AI Boom Impact on Golf Courses, Green Spaces and Animal Habitats

Summary

The growth of AI data centers has prompted disputes over development on golf courses and public lands, with conservationists warning about effects on wildlife, water and green space. In Pennsylvania, a former golf course is slated for a proposed data center project, while environmental groups have challenged a separate project near Boulder City, Nevada.

Key Facts

  • Dauphin Highlands Golf Course near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, closed on October 12 after more than 30 years of operation.
  • The 228-acre course was sold for $45.6 million to Harrisburg I LLC, an entity formed by Dallas-based Provident Realty; the sale was finalized in June 2026.
  • The proposed Dauphin Highlands data center development has been reported as worth more than $10 billion, with construction anticipated in 2027; local development approvals and technical plans were not established in the records reviewed.
  • The golf course sale followed financial difficulties at the Dauphin County General Authority, which had accumulated about $13 million in debt.
  • Briarwood Golf Club in York County, Pennsylvania, is also the subject of a proposed data center redevelopment.
  • Fountain Valley Golf Course in Farmington, Minnesota, closed in 2022 and is included in an approved plan for a campus of up to 12 data centers.
  • In July, the Center for Biological Diversity and the Sierra Club's Toiyabe Chapter challenged federal approval of the proposed Townsite Data Center near Boulder City, Nevada, citing concerns about wildlife habitat, water resources and environmental review.
  • Conservationists say data centers can affect wildlife through habitat loss and fragmentation, high electricity and water needs, noise, lighting and polluted runoff.
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